MG1351 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI B.E DEGREE PROGRAMMEMECHANICAL ENGINEERING SYLLABUS
CURRICULUM 2004 (Offered in Colleges affiliated to Anna University)
B.E DEGREE PROGRAMME MECHANICAL ENGINEERING VI SEMESTER
MG1351 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT 3 0 0 100
(Common to all Branches)

OBJECTIVE
Knowledge on the principles of management is essential for all kinds of people in all kinds of organizations. After studying this course, students will be able to have a clear understanding of the managerial functions like planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling. Students will also gain some basic knowledge on international aspect of management.

1. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 9
Definition of Management – Science or Art – Management and Administration – Development of Management Thought – Contribution of Taylor and Fayol – Functions of Management – Types of Business Organisation.

2. PLANNING 9
Nature & Purpose – Steps involved in Planning – Objectives – Setting Objectives – Process of Managing by Objectives – Strategies, Policies & Planning Premises- Forecasting – Decision-making.

3. ORGANISING 9
Nature and Purpose – Formal and informal organization – Organization Chart – Structure and Process – Departmentation by difference strategies – Line and Staff authority – Benefits and Limitations – De-Centralization and Delegation of Authority – Staffing – Selection Process - Techniques – HRD – Managerial Effectiveness.

4. DIRECTING 9
Scope – Human Factors – Creativity and Innovation – Harmonizing Objectives – Leadership – Types of Leadership Motivation – Hierarchy of needs – Motivation theories – Motivational Techniques – Job Enrichment – Communication – Process of Communication – Barriers and Breakdown – Effective Communication – Electronic media in Communication.

5. CONTROLLING 9
System and process of Controlling – Requirements for effective control – The Budget as Control Technique – Information Technology in Controlling – Use of computers in handling the information – Productivity – Problems and Management – Control of Overall Performance – Direct and Preventive Control – Reporting – The Global Environment – Globalization and Liberalization – International Management and Global theory of Management.

TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Harold Kooritz & Heinz Weihrich “Essentials of Management”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1998
2. Joseph L Massie “Essentials of Management”, Prentice Hall of India, (Pearson) Fourth Edition, 2003.

REFERENCES
1 Tripathy PC And Reddy PN, “ Principles of Management”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1999.
2. Decenzo David, Robbin Stephen A, “Personnel and Human Resources Management”, Prentice Hall of India, 1996
3. JAF Stomer, Freeman R. E and Daniel R Gilbert, “Management”, Pearson Education, Sixth Edition, 2004.
4. Fraidoon Mazda, “Engineering Management”, Addison Wesley,-2000.

ME1308 COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING PRACTICE

ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI:: CHENNAI 600 025
CURRICULUM 2004 B.E. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SEMESTER - V

ME1308 COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING PRACTICE 0 0 3 100

OBJECTIVE
• To understand and practice the drawings for machine components and simple assemblies using standard CAD packages
• To know – how on specifications of Indian Standards on drawing practices and standard components.

1. DRAWING STANDARDS 6
Code of practice for Engineering Drawing, BIS specifications – Welding symbols, riveted joints, keys, fasteners – Reference to hand book for the selection of standard components like bolts, nuts, screws, keys etc.

2. INTRODUCTION TO DRAFTING SOFTWARE 6
Drawing, Editing, Dimensioning, Plotting Commands, Layering concepts, Limits, Fits and Tolerances.

3. PREPARATION OF 2-D DRAWINGS 9
Orthographic views of standard machine components: Brackets, V Blocks, Stop Block, Screw threads and Threaded fasteners.

4. ASSEMBLY DRAWING (Preparation of assembled view) 24
Flange coupling
Plummer block bearing
Lathe Tailstock
Universal Joint.
Machine vice
Stuffing box
Piston and connecting rod

TOTAL : 45
REFERENCES
BHATT.N.D. and PANCHAL.V.M., “Machine Drawing”, Charotar Publishing House, 388001, 38th Edition, 2003.
P.S.G. Design Data Book
Ellen Finkelstein, “AutoCAD 2004 Bible”, Wiley Publishing Inc, 2003.
Sham Tikoo, “ AutoCAD 2002 with Applications”, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, NewDelhi, 2002.
“CollabCAD Software”, National Informatics Centre (CAD Group), Govt. of India, A-Block, C.G.O. Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, 2003” www.collabcad.com

WEB SITES:
www.autodesk.com
www.ptc.com
www.solidworks.com
www.autodeskpress.com

ME1306 DYNAMICS LABORATORY

ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI:: CHENNAI 600 025
CURRICULUM 2004 B.E. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SEMESTER - V

ME1306                DYNAMICS LABORATORY                                                                         0  0  3  100

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1.             Governors - Determination of sensitivity, effort, etc. for Watt, Porter, Proell, Hartnell governors                             
2.             Cam - Study of jump phenomenon and drawing profile of the cam.
3.             Motorised Gyroscope-Verification of laws -Determination of gyroscopic couple.
4.             Whirling of shaft-Determination of critical speed of shaft with concentrated loads.
5.             Balancing of reciprocating masses.
6.             Balancing of rotating masses.
7.             Determination of moment of inertia by oscillation method for connecting rod and flywheel.
8.             Vibrating system - Spring mass system-Determination of damping co-efficient of single degree of freedom system.
9.             Determination of influence co-efficients for multidegree freedom suspension system.
10.          Determination of transmissibility ratio - vibrating table.
11.          Determination of torsional frequencies for compound pendulum and flywheel system with lumped Moment of inertia.
12.          Transverse vibration –free- Beam. Determination of natural frequency and deflection of beam.

TOTAL : 45

LIST OF EQUIPMENT

(for a batch of 30 students)

1.             Cam analyzer.
2.             Motorised gyroscope.
3.             Governor apparatus - Watt, Porter, Proell and Hartnell governors.
4.             Whirling of shaft apparatus.
5.             Dynamic balancing machine.
6.             Static and dynamic balancing machine.
7.             Vibrating table
8.             Vibration test facilities apparatus

ME1307                METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENT LAB                                            0  0  3  100

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

Calibration of Vernier / Micrometer / Dial Gauge
Checking Dimensions of part using slip gauges
Measurements of Gear Tooth Dimensions
Measurement of Taper Angle using sine bar / tool makers microscope
Measurement of straightness and flatness
Measurement of thread parameters
Checking the limits of dimensional tolerances using comparators (Mechanical / Pneumatic / Electrical)
Measurement of Temperature using Thermocouple / Pyrometer
Measurement of Displacement (Strain Gauge / LVDT / Wheatstone Bridge)
Measurement of Force
Measurement of Torque
Measurement of Vibration / Shock

   

Total : 45

LIST OF EQUIPMENT

(for a batch of 30 students)

1.             Micrometer                                                                           -               5

2.             Vernier Caliper                                                                     -               5
3.             Vernier Height Gauge                                                         -               2
4.             Vernier Depth Gauge                                                          -               2
5.             Slip Gauge Set                                                                      -               1
6.             Gear Tooth Vernier                                                             -               1
7.             Sine Bar                                                                                 -               2
8.             Bevel Protractor                                                                   -               1
9.             Floating Carriage Micrometer                                           -               1
10.          Profile Projector                                                                   -               1
11.          Mechanical / Electrical / Pneumatic Comparator         -               1
12.          Temperature Measuring Setup                                         -               1                                             
13.          Displacement Measuring Setup                                        -               1
14.          Force Measuring Setup                                                       -               1
15.          Torque Measuring Setup                                                    -               1
16.          Vibration / Shock Measuring Setup                                 -               1

Optional Equipments

17.          Autocollimator                                                                     -               1
18.          Coordinate Measuring Machine                                       -               1
19.          Tool Makers Microscope                                                   -               1
20.          Dial Gauge Calibration                                                       -               1

 

ME1305 APPLIED HYDRAULICS AND PNEUMATICS

ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI:: CHENNAI 600 025
CURRICULUM 2004 B.E. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SEMESTER - V

ME1305 APPLIED HYDRAULICS AND PNEUMATICS 3 0 0 100
(Common to Mechanical and Mechatronics - VI Semester)

OBJECTIVE
To know the advantages and applications of Fluid Power Engineering and Power Transmission System.
To learn the Applications of Fluid Power System in automation of Machine Tools and others Equipments.

FLUID POWER SYSTEMS AND FUNDAMENTALS 9
Introduction to fluid power, Advantages of fluid power, Application of fluid power system. Types of fluid power systems, Properties of hydraulic fluids – General types of fluids – Fluid power symbols.

Basics of Hydraulics-Applications of Pascals Law- Laminar and Turbulent flow – Reynold’s number – Darcy’s equation – Losses in pipe, valves and fittings.

2. HYDRAULIC SYSTEM & COMPONENTS 9
Sources of Hydraulic Power: Pumping theory – Pump classification – Gear pump, Vane Pump, piston pump, construction and working of pumps – pump performance – Variable displacement pumps.
Fluid Power Actuators: Linear hydraulic actuators – Types of hydraulic cylinders – Single acting, Double acting special cylinders like tanden, Rodless, Telescopic, Cushioning mechanism, Construction of double acting cylinder, Rotary actuators – Fluid motors, Gear, Vane and Piston motors.

3. DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC CIRCUITS 9
Construction of Control Components : Director control valve – 3/2 way valve – 4/2 way valve – Shuttle valve – check valve – pressure control valve – pressure reducing valve, sequence valve, Flow control valve – Fixed and adjustable, electrical control solenoid valves, Relays, ladder diagram.
Accumulators and Intensifiers : Types of accumulators – Accumulators circuits, sizing of accumulators, intensifier – Applications of Intensifier – Intensifier circuit.

4. PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS 9
Pneumatic Components: Properties of air – Compressors – Filter, Regulator, Lubricator Unit – Air control valves, Quick exhaust valves, pneumatic actuators.
Fluid Power Circuit Design, Speed control circuits, synchronizing circuit, Penumo hydraulic circuit, Sequential circuit design for simple applications using cascade method.

5. DESIGN OF PNEUMATIC CIRCUITS 9
Servo systems – Hydro Mechanical servo systems, Electro hydraulic servo systems and proportional valves.

Fluidics – Introduction to fluidic devices, simple circuits, Introduction to Electro Hydraulic Pneumatic logic circuits, ladder diagrams, PLC applications in fluid power control. Fluid power circuits; failure and troubleshooting.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Anthony Esposito, “Fluid Power with Applications”, Pearson Education 2000.
2. Majumdar S.R., “Oil Hydraulics”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2000.

REFERENCES
1. Majumdar S.R., “Pneumatic systems – Principles and maintenance”, Tata McGraw Hill, 1995
2 Anthony Lal, “Oil hydraulics in the service of industry”, Allied publishers, 1982.
3. Harry L. Stevart D.B, “Practical guide to fluid power”, Taraoeala sons and Port Ltd. Broadey, 1976.
Michael J, Prinches and Ashby J. G, “Power Hydraulics”, Prentice Hall, 1989.
Dudelyt, A. Pease and John T. Pippenger, “Basic Fluid Power”, Prentice Hall, 1987.

ME1304 ENGINEERING METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENTS

ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI:: CHENNAI 600 025
CURRICULUM 2004 B.E. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SEMESTER - V

ME1304 ENGINEERING METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENTS 3 0 0 100
(Common to Mechanical and Automobile)

OBJECTIVE
To understand the principles of metrology and measurements, methods of measurement and its application in manufacturing industries.

1. CONCEPT OF MEASUREMENT 9
General concept – Generalised measurement system-Units and standards-measuring instruments- sensitivity, readability, range of accuracy, precision-static and dynamic response-repeatability-systematic and random errors-correction, calibration, interchangeability.

2. LINEAR AND ANGULAR MEASUREMENT 9
Definition of metrology-Linear measuring instruments: Vernier, micrometer, interval measurement, Slip gauges and classification, interferometery, optical flats, limit gauges- Comparators: Mechanical, pneumatic and electrical types, applications.
Angular measurements: -Sine bar, optical bevel protractor, angle Decker – Taper measurements.

3. FORM MEASUREMENT 9
Measurement of screw threads-Thread gauges, floating carriage micrometer-measurement of gears-tooth thickness-constant chord and base tangent method-Gleason gear testing machine – radius measurements-surface finish, straightness, flatness and roundness measurements.

4. LASER AND ADVANCES IN METROLOGY 9
Precision instruments based on laser-Principles- laser interferometer-application in linear, angular measurements and machine tool metrology
Coordinate measuring machine (CMM)- Constructional features – types, applications – digital devices- computer aided inspection.

5. MEASUREMENT OF POWER, FLOW AND TEMPERATURE RELATED PROPERTIES 9
Force, torque, power:-mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic and electrical type-Flow measurement: Venturi, orifice, rotameter, pitot tube –Temperature: bimetallic strip, pressure thermometers, thermocouples, electrical resistance thermister.

TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
Jain R.K., “Engineering Metrology”, Khanna Publishers, 1994
Alan S. Morris, “The Essence of Measurement”, Prentice Hall of India, 1997

REFERENCES
Gupta S.C, “Engineering Metrology”, Dhanpat rai Publications, 1984
Jayal A.K, “Instrumentation and Mechanical Measurements”, Galgotia Publications 2000
Beckwith T.G, and N. Lewis Buck, “Mechanical Measurements”, Addison Wesley, 1991
4. Donald D Eckman, “Industrial Instrumentation”, Wiley Eastern, 1985.

ME1303 GAS DYNAMICS AND JET PROPULSION

ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI B.E DEGREE PROGRAMMEMECHANICAL ENGINEERING SYLLABUS
CURRICULUM 2004 (Offered in Colleges affiliated to Anna University)
B.E DEGREE PROGRAMME MECHANICAL ENGINEERING V SEMESTER

ME1303 GAS DYNAMICS AND JET PROPULSION 3 1 0 100

OBJECTIVES
To Understand the basic difference between incompressible and compressible flow
To study the phenomenon of shock waves and its effect on flow
To gain basic knowledge about jet propulsion and Rocket Propulsion

1. COMPRESSIBLE FLOW – FUNDAMENTALS 8
Energy and momentum equations for compressible fluid flows, various regions of flows, reference velocities, stagnation state, velocity of sound, critical states, Mach number, critical Mach number, types of waves, Mach cone, Mach angle, effect of Mach number on compressibility

2. FLOW THROUGH VARIABLE AREA DUCTS 9
Isentropic flow through variable area ducts, T-s and h-s diagrams for nozzle and diffuser flows, area ratio as a function of Mach number, mass flow rate through nozzles and diffusers, effect of friction in flow through nozzles.

3. FLOW THROUGH CONSTANT AREA DUCTS 10
Flow in constant area ducts with friction (Fanno flow) – Fanno curves and Fanno flow equation, variation of flow properties, variation of Mach number with duct length.
Isothermal flow with friction in constant area ducts
Flow in constant area ducts with heat transfer (Rayleigh flow), Rayleigh line and Rayleigh flow equation, variation of flow properties, maximum heat transfer.

4. NORMAL SHOCK 8
Governing equations, variation of flow parameters like static pressure, static temperature, density, stagnation pressure and entropy across the normal shock, Prandtl - Meyer equation, impossibility of shock in subsonic flows, flow in convergent and divergent nozzle with shock, normal shock in Fanno and Rayleigh flows, flow with oblique shock (elementary treatment only).

5. PROPULSION 10
Aircraft propulsion – types of jet engines – energy flow through jet engines, study of turbojet engine components – diffuser, compressor, combustion chamber, turbine and exhaust systems, performance of turbo jet engines – thrust, thrust power, propulsive and overall efficiencies, thrust augmentation in turbo jet engine, ram jet and pulse jet engines
Rocket propulsion – rocket engines thrust equation – effective jet velocity specific impulse – rocket engine performance, solid and liquid propellants, comparison of different propulsion systems.

TUTORIAL 15
TOTAL : 60
Note: (Use of approved gas tables is permitted in the University examination)

TEXT BOOKS
1. Yahya. S.M., “Fundamental of compressible flow”, New Age International (p) Ltd., New Delhi, 1996.
2. Patrich.H. Oosthvizen, William E.Carscallen, “Compressible fluid flow”, McGraw-Hill, 1997

REFERENCES
1. Cohen. H., Rogers R.E.C and Sravanamutoo, “Gas turbine theory”, Addison Wesley Ltd., 1987.
2. Ganesan. V., “Gas Turbines”, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 1999
3. Rathakrishnan.E, “Gas Dynamics”, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2001

ME1302 DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENTS

ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI:: CHENNAI 600 025
CURRICULUM 2004
B.E. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SEMESTER – V

ME1302 DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENTS

OBJECTIVE
To familiarise the various steps involved in the Design Process
To understand the principles involved in evaluating the shape and dimensions of a component to satisfy functional and strength requirements.
To learn to use standard practices and standard data
To learn to use catalogues and standard machine components

1. STEADY STRESSES AND VARIABLE STRESSES IN MACHINE MEMBERS 9
Introduction to the design process - factor influencing machine design, selection of materials based on mechanical properties – Direct, Bending and torsional stress equations – Impact and shock loading – calculation of principle stresses for various load combinations, eccentric loading – Design of curved beams – crane hook and ‘C’ frame - Factor of safety - theories of failure – stress concentration – design for variable loading – Soderberg, Goodman and Gerber relations

2. DESIGN OF SHAFTS AND COUPLINGS 9
Design of solid and hollow shafts based on strength, rigidity and critical speed – Design of keys and key ways - Design of rigid and flexible couplings – Introduction to gear and shock absorbing couplings - design of knuckle joints.

3. DESIGN OF FASTNERS AND WELDED JOINTS 9
Threaded fastners - Design of bolted joints including eccentric loading – Design of welded joints for pressure vessels and structures - theory of bonded joints.

4. DESIGN OF SPRINGS AND LEVERS 9
Design of helical, leaf, disc and torsional springs under constant loads and varying loads – Concentric torsion springs - Belleville springs – Design of Levers.

5. DESIGN OF BEARINGS AND FLYWHEELS 9
Design of bearings – sliding contact and rolling contact types. – Cubic mean load – Design of journal bearings – Mckees equation – Lubrication in journal bearings – calculation of bearing dimensions – Design of flywheels involving stresses in rim and arm.

TUTORIAL 15
TOTAL : 60
Note: (Use of P S G Design Data Book is permitted in the University examination)

TEXT BOOKS
Juvinall R.C, and Marshek K.M, “Fundamentals of Machine Component Design”, John Wiley & Sons, Third Edition, 2002.
2. Bhandari V.B, “Design of Machine Elements”, Tata McGraw-Hill Book Co, 2003.

REFERENCES
1. Norton R.L, “Design of Machinery”, Tata McGraw-Hill Book Co, 2004.
2. Orthwein W, “Machine Component Design”, Jaico Publishing Co, 2003.
3. Ugural A.C, “Mechanical Design – An Integral Approach, McGraw-Hill Book Co, 2004.
4. Spotts M.F., Shoup T.E “Design and Machine Elements” Pearson Education, 2004.

ME1301 DYNAMICS OF MACHINERY 3 1 0 100

ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI:: CHENNAI 600 025
CURRICULUM 2004 B.E. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SEMESTER - V

ME1301 DYNAMICS OF MACHINERY 3 1 0 100
(Common to Mechanical and Mechatronics-IV Semester)

OBJECTIVE
• To understand the force-motion relationship in components subjected to External Forces
• To analyse the force-motion characteristics of standard mechanisms
• To study the undesirable effects of unbalances resulting from prescribed motions in mechanism.
• To visualise the effect of Dynamics of Undesirable Vibrations
• To understand the principles in mechanisms used for governing of machines.

1. FORCE ANALYSIS 10
Rigid Body dynamics in general plane motion – Equations of motion - Dynamic force analysis - Inertia force and Inertia torque – D’Alemberts principle - The principle of superposition - Dynamic Analysis in Reciprocating Engines – Gas Forces - Equivalent masses - Bearing loads - Crank shaft Torque - Turning moment diagrams - Fly wheels –Engine shaking Forces - Cam dynamics - Unbalance, Spring, Surge and Windup.

2. BALANCING 9
Static and dynamic balancing - Balancing of rotating masses - Balancing a single cylinder Engine - Balancing Multi-cylinder Engines - Partial balancing in locomotive Engines - Balancing linkages - balancing machines

3. FREE VIBRATION 10
Basic features of vibratory systems - idealized models - Basic elements and lumping of parameters - Degrees of freedom - Single degree of freedom - Free vibration - Equations of motion - natural frequency - Types of Damping - Damped vibration critical speeds of simple shaft - Torsional systems; Natural frequency of two and three rotor systems.

4. FORCED VIBRATION 6
Response to periodic forcing - Harmonic Forcing - Forcing caused by unbalance - Support motion – Force transmissibility and amplitude transmissibility - Vibration isolation.

5. MECHANISMS FOR CONTROL 10
Governors - Types - Centrifugal governors - Gravity controlled and spring controlled centrifugal governors –Characteristics - Effect of friction - Controlling Force - other Governor mechanisms.
Gyroscopes - Gyroscopic forces and Torques - Gyroscopic stabilization - Gyroscopic effects in Automobiles, ships and airplanes

TUTORIAL 15

TOTAL : 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. Rattan S.S., "Theory of Machines", Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, 1994.

REFERENCES
1. Thomas Bevan, "Theory of Machines", CBS Publishers and Distributors, 1984.
2. Ghosh A. and Mallick A.K., "Theory of Mechanisms and Machines", Affiliated East-West Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1988.
3. Shigley J.E. and Uicker J.J., "Theory of Machines and Mechanisms", McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1995.
4. Rao J.S. and Dukkipati R.V., "Mechanism and Machine Theory ", Wiley-Eastern Limited, New Delhi, 1992.
5. John Hannah and Stephens R.C., "Mechanics of Machines", Viva low-Priced Student Edition, 1999.
6. Sadhu Singh “Theory of Machines” Pearson Education, 2002.

ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNA B.E. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SYLLABUS CY1201 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI B.E DEGREE PROGRAMMEMECHANICAL ENGINEERING SYLLABUS
CURRICULUM 2004 (Offered in Colleges affiliated to Anna University)
B.E DEGREE PROGRAMME MECHANICAL ENGINEERING V SEMESTER

CY1201 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 3 0 0 100
(Common to all branches)

OBJECTIVES
To create an awareness on the various environmental pollution aspects and issues.
To give a comprehensive insight into natural resources, ecosystem and biodiversity.
To educate the ways and means to protect the environment from various types of pollution.
To impart some fundamental knowledge on human welfare measures.

1. INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND NATURAL RESOURCES 10
Definition, scope and importance – need for public awareness – forest resources: use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies. Timber extraction, mining, dams and their ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams-benefits and problems – mineral resources: use effects on forests and tribal people – water resources: use and over-utilization of surface and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources, case studies – food resources: world food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity, case studies – energy resources: growing energy needs, renewable and non renewable energy sources, use of alternate energy sources. Case studies – land resources: land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification – role of an individual in conservation of natural resources – equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles.
Field study of local area to document environmental assets – river / forest / grassland / hill / mountain.

2. ECOSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY 14
Concept of an ecosystem – structure and function of an ecosystem – producers, consumers and decomposers – energy flow in the ecosystem – ecological succession – food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids – introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the (a) forest ecosystem (b) grassland ecosystem (c) desert ecosystem (d) aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries) – introduction to biodiversity – definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity – biogeographical classification of india – value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values – biodiversity at global, national and local levels – india as a mega-diversity nation – hot-spots of biodiversity – threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts – endangered and endemic species of india – conservation of biodiversity: in-situ and ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.

Field study of common plants, insects, birds
Field study of simple ecosystems – pond, river, hill slopes, etc.

3. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 8
Definition – causes, effects and control measures of: (a) air pollution (b) water pollution (c) soil pollution (d) marine pollution (e) noise pollution (f) thermal pollution (g) nuclear hazards – solid waste management: causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes – role of an individual in prevention of pollution – pollution case studies – disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides.
Field study of local polluted site – urban / rural / industrial / agricultural

4. SOCIAL ISSUES AND THE ENVIRONMENT 7
From unsustainable to sustainable development – urban problems related to energy – water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management – resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns, case studies – environmental ethics: issues and possible solutions – climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust, case studies. – wasteland reclamation – consumerism and waste products – environment protection act – air (prevention and control of pollution) act – water (prevention and control of pollution) act – wildlife protection act – forest conservation act – issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation – public awareness
5. HUMAN POPULATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT 6
Population growth, variation among nations – population explosion – family welfare programme – environment and human health – human rights – value education – HIV / AIDS – women and child welfare – role of information technology in environment and human health – case studies.

TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Gilbert M.Masters, Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science, Pearson Education Pvt., Ltd., Second Edition, 2004.
2. Miller T.G. Jr., Environmental Science, Wadsworth Publishing Co.
3. Townsend C., Harper J and Michael Begon, Essentials of Ecology, Blackwell Science.
4. Trivedi R.K. And P.K. Goel, Introduction to Air Pollution, Techno-Science Publications.

REFERENCES
Bharucha Erach, The Biodiversity of India, Mapin Publishing Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad, India,
Trivedi R.K., Handbook of Environmental Laws, Rules, Guidelines, Compliances and Standards, Vol. I and II, Enviro Media.
Cunningham, W.P.Cooper, T.H.Gorhani, Environmental Encyclopedia, Jaico Publ., House, Mumbai, 2001.
Wager K.D., Environmental Management, W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA, 1998.